HMGA2, high mobility group AT-hook2; CREB, cAMP response element-binding; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; WNT, wingless and INT-1; TGF-β, transforming growth factor β; TGFBR, TGF-β receptor; IRS, insulin receptor substrate; PHB, prohibitin; SMAD3, Sma and Mad related protein 3; cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog gene; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; PKA, protein kinase A; PKB, protein kinase B; KLF, Kruppel-like factor; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; TCF, T-cell-specific transcription factor; LEF, lymphoid-enhancer-binding factor; C/EBP, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein; FOXO, forkhead box protein O; SIRT1, sirtuin 1; FABP4, fatty acid binding protein 4; GLUT4, glucose transporter type 4; ADIPOQ, adiponectin; AGPAT2, 1-acyl-sn-gylcerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase beta; PEPCK, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; LPL, lipoprotein lipase.